Josef Abramovich Ringo (russian: link=no, Иосиф Абрамович Ринго) was a Russian scientist, inventor, writer.

Life and career

Josef Ringo was born in

Vitebsk Vitebsk or Viciebsk (russian: Витебск, ; be, Ві́цебск, ; , ''Vitebsk'', lt, Vitebskas, pl, Witebsk), is a city in Belarus. The capital of the Vitebsk Region, it has 366,299 inhabitants, making it the country's fourth-largest ci ...

in 1883. From 1905 until 1918 he studied and worked in both Switzerland and France. Ringo graduated from the Universities of Bern, Zurich and Nancy, received an education as an engineer and philosopher. He was fluent in five languages. In 1917 in Switzerland he published the book ''Jewish Question in its Historical Context and its Proposed Solution'' (german: link=no, Die Judenfrage in ihrem geschichtlichen Zusammenhang und Vorschläge ihrer Lösung). In the book, he analyzed the history of the so-called

Jewish question The Jewish question, also referred to as the Jewish problem, was a wide-ranging debate in 19th- and 20th-century European society that pertained to the appropriate status and treatment of Jews. The debate, which was similar to other "national ...

, and advocated the establishment of a

Jewish state In world politics, Jewish state is a characterization of Israel as the nation-state and sovereign homeland of the Jewish people. Modern Israel came into existence on 14 May 1948 as a polity to serve as the homeland for the Jewish people. It ...

In Switzerland Josef met

Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 19 ...

. Lenin invited Ringo to come to Moscow to take part in the plan of electrification of Moscow. From 1918 to 1922 he worked as the head of the electric department of Moscow and the Moscow region, provincial electrical engineer, then director of the electrical installation office of the Moscow

Sovnarkhoz Sovnarkhoz (russian: совнархоз, совет народного хозяйства, ''sovet narodnogo khozyaystva'', "Council of National Economy"), usually translated as Regional Economic Soviet, was an organization of the Soviet Union to ma ...

and the department of small-scale electrification of the

Supreme Soviet of the National Economy Supreme Board of the National Economy, Superior Board of the People's Economy, (Высший совет народного хозяйства, ВСНХ, ''Vysshiy sovet narodnogo khozyaystva'', VSNKh) was the superior state institution for managem ...

. Later he was employed as a worker in the chemical industry. In 1921 under Lenin's order Ringo managed to electrify the residence of Lenin in Gorki in an extremely short amount of time. Ringo patented a large number of inventions, including patents in the field of lightning protection.

References

Links

Lenin's archive. November 1920 (third decade).

Lenin's archive. April 1921 (second decade).

Lenin's archive. Январь 1921 (second decade til 22).
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ringo, Josef 1883 births 1946 deaths Belarusian Jews Belarusian Zionists Scientists from Vitebsk People from Vitebsky Uyezd Russian Jews Russian Zionists Soviet inventors Soviet scientists Soviet writers